Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. According to the new nomenclature, MCP-1 is called chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2).
A third cytokine called IP-10 also showed promise at differentiating between people who are infected and those who are not.
Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10) is also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10). It belongs to the CXC chemokine family.
These 3 cytokines could form the basis of a new test to quickly detect whether tuberculosis is dormant or active and infectious.
52 chemokines from 4 families have been described. They interact with 20 receptors (click here for a larger image).
What is the difference between cytokine, interleukin and chemokine?
Cytokines (Greek cyto-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are substances secreted by cells of the immune system which carry signals locally between cells. They are proteins, peptides, or glycoproteins.
Interleukins are a group of cytokines first found to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes). The name is a misnomer since interleukins are produced by a wide variety of cells, not only leukocytes.
Chemokines (Greek -kinos, movement) are a family of small cytokines, or proteins secreted by cells. The name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells; they are chemotactic cytokines.
Xpert MTB/RIF is a rapid diagnostic test for tuberculosis with high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (99%). Lancet, 2011.
